This is very interesting. I am Canadian and taught there for 30 years. Many of the issues you mention are less of a problem there. Teacher education, for example, is quite different. Teachers are paid very well and it is difficult to get into university teaching programs. If you do, you are virtually guaranteed success, and no mentor teacher has the kind of power that yours had over you.
My impression of American post-secondary education comes from observing my husband teaching at our local state university. Contrary to what you relate, he is not allowed to fail anyone. In fact, everyone must receive a 3 or a 4 GPA. His students write at a grade 10 or 11 level. I feel like no one is being taught to read or to think. And the students pay 5 times the amount that my stepchildren pay for university in Canada.
There are so many problems with American education, including racism. As a result, it’s almost impossible to achieve a fair and equal society.